If the component is known to the eCat indexer / local database, you can probably find the metadata using the database directly. Basically need to find Item object with corresponding VCID / URI and get the icon file path from it. This isn’t part of the VC public API, though so it might change or cease to exist.
The database may also contain multiple matching items and the VCID resolving order is complicated, so you might not be able to reliably figure out the correct component which the part creator will actually create.
Something similar to this: